Subject guide
General-information items on the Constitution test your recall of the 1987 Philippine Constitution: the three branches of government, the Bill of Rights, and key principles of the State. You prepare best by understanding how the branches check one another rather than memorizing articles in isolation.
Constitutional facts are summarized for review. For exact wording and any amendments, consult the official text of the 1987 Constitution. This guide is independent and not affiliated with the CSC.
Question 1
In which article of the 1987 Constitution is the Bill of Rights found?
Correct answer: B. Article III
Why: The Bill of Rights is Article III of the 1987 Constitution. Article II covers State principles, Article VI the Legislature, and Article VII the Executive.
Learning objective: Locate the Bill of Rights within the Constitution's structure.
Question 2
How many senators make up the Philippine Senate under the 1987 Constitution?
Correct answer: B. 24
Why: The Senate is composed of 24 senators elected at large. The number 12 is how many are elected each regular election (staggered terms), not the total.
Learning objective: Recall the composition of the Senate.
Question 3
What is the term of office of the President of the Philippines under the 1987 Constitution?
Correct answer: C. Six years, no re-election
Why: The President serves a single six-year term and is not eligible for re-election, a safeguard against the concentration of power.
Learning objective: Identify the President's term and re-election rule.
Question 4
Which branch of government has the primary power to interpret the laws?
Correct answer: C. Judiciary
Why: The Judiciary interprets laws and settles legal disputes. The Legislative makes laws and the Executive enforces them; the COMELEC is a constitutional commission, not a branch.
Learning objective: Match each branch of government to its core function.
Question 5
Under the Constitution, where does sovereignty reside?
Correct answer: C. In the people
Why: The Constitution declares that sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. The branches exercise power on the people's behalf.
Learning objective: State the constitutional source of governmental authority.
The current Constitution took effect in 1987, which is why it is called the 1987 Constitution. It establishes the three branches of government and the Bill of Rights.
The Executive enforces laws, the Legislative (Congress) makes laws, and the Judiciary interprets laws. They check and balance one another through the separation of powers.
Article III protects fundamental rights such as due process, equal protection of the laws, freedom of speech, and protection against unreasonable searches — limits on government power over individuals.
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